What is the first step in deductive reasoning?

The first step in deductive reasoning is theory formulation. This process begins with a general statement or hypothesis from which specific predictions or conclusions can be drawn. Deductive reasoning operates on the principle that if the general theory is true, then specific instances derived from that theory should also hold true. This foundational step is critical as it sets the stage for subsequent investigative steps, where one tests the validity of the theory through observation and experimentation.

In contrast, observation collection is typically associated with inductive reasoning, where specific observations lead to broader generalizations. Confirmation of hypotheses occurs after the initial theory has been established and predictions have been made. Pattern recognition might involve identifying trends or consistent outcomes from multiple observations, but it follows theory formulation and is more aligned with inductive processes. Thus, the establishment of a theory is essential in deductive reasoning as it provides the framework for further investigation and analysis.